Surat Elektronik atau bahasa kerennya E-mail
sekarang ini adalah sesuatu yang harus dimiliki setiap orang, khususnya
pengguna internet. Karena setiap kegiatan anda di internet membutuhkan
alamat e-mail. Jika anda belum memiliki acount e-mail berikut ini saya
uraikan cara sederhana membuat email mengunakan gmail.
Gmail adalah layanan email gratis dari Google. Layanan ini dilengkapi
dengan fasilitas yang canggih dan kapasitas penyimpanan yang berlimpah.
Bayangkan, setiap acount email diberi kapasitas penyimpanan sebesar 6GB
lebih. Dengan kapasitas penyimpanan sebesar ini, Anda tidak perlu
menghapus pesan masuk pada e-mail Anda. Bahkan Anda dapat menyimpan mp3
disini.
Tanpa basa basi lagi yu langsung praktek ikuti langkah-langkah berikut ini:
Tambahan:
Selanjutnya Masukkan Security Question Anda, Secondary email,( secondary email boleh di kosongkan ) Location (pilih indonesia, biasanya pilihan ini terpilih secara default', Ketik karakter yang terlihat di layar pada kolom Word verification. Berikutnya Therms of service
jika anda mau membacanya silahkan, tapi jika anda tidak paham? gulung
saja kotaknya sampai kebawah. setelah anda yakin data yang anda masukkan
benar, silahkan klik tombol I accept Create my account.
Bila telah memiliki alamat e-mail usahakan agar menyempatkan untuk
membuka alamat email minimal 2 bulan sekali karena Jika Anda tidak masuk
ke account Gmail untuk waktu yang panjang, Google akan menandai account
sebagai terbengkalai dan dapat menghapusnya setelah sembilan bulan.
Dan yang tak kalah penting, jangan pernah memberikan data pribadi email,
seperti password dan security question, kepada orang lain, anggap saja
itu sebagai PIN akun Bank anda. Demikian panduan cara membuat email ini.
Jumat, 19 Oktober 2012
SayType; Google Voice Can Now Offer Everyone Free Hands-free Text and Email Messaging
Anonymous.
Biotech Business Week (Mar 30, 2009): 2032.
Sembunyikan sorotanAbstrak (ringkasan)
2009 MAR 30 - (<http://www.newsrx.com> NewsRx.com) -- Today, SayType.com announced that it will offer Google Voice and other interested INCOMING voicemail-to-text providers with the limited opportunity to license its patent pending OUTGOING voicemail-to-text, email, and internet search services. See the difference between INCOMING and OUTGOING messages. See how SayType is improving the way everyone can instantly access the internet and send completely hands-free text messages and email to anyone from any cell phone or landline in the world (see also <http://www.newsrx.com/library/topics/SayType.html> SayType).
Teks Lengkap
Last week, Google Voice announced a new INCOMING voicemail-to-text service that positions the Internet giant just hours away from being able to offer wireless customers, currently using any wireless network, the ability to send completely hands-free text messaging, email, and internet search capabilities without having to pay fees to wireless service providers if they do license SayType's system.
"Now, INCOMING voicemail-to-text providers can seamlessly offer an added value service that saves their customers more time and money with services that are easy for everyone to enjoy." -- Alvin Lee, SayType Co-founder.
An article published on the front page of the Business Journal on January 9th 2009 suggested that SayType would license to AT&T, Verizon, or T-Mobile, a hands-free alternative for customers that send and respond to text messages while driving. But the major telecoms did not buy the idea of offering a socially responsible hands-free alternative to using their traditional services.
"Most wireless customers I talk to like the idea that SayType does not use traditional SMS credits, email services, or data packages to send SMS text, email messages, or search the internet completely hands-free. However, major telecoms have sided with Jan Dawson, an analyst with Ovum Research, who skeptically dismisses the idea as 'still a pipe dream at the moment'" -- John Kent, SayType Inventor.
Keywords: SayType, Business, Patents Actions.
This article was prepared by Biotech Business Week editors from staff and other reports. Copyright 2009, Biotech Business Week via <http://www.newsrx.com> NewsRx.com.
(c)Copyright 2009, Biotech Business Week via NewsRx.com
Blogging has become a favorite tool of political activists everywhere, and a particular challenge to regimes used to keeping public debate under tight control. In an interview, Mohammad Ali Abtahi talks about how he uses his blog to speak his mind about politics, make fun of his rivals, and discourse on anything else that interests him.
Teks Lengkap
Blogging has become a favourite tool of political activists everywhere, and a particular challenge to regimes used to keeping public debate under tight control. Nowhere is this more the case than in Iran, where tens of thousands of blogs have popped up since 2001, when an Iranian exile in Canada devised a way of bloggmg in Farsl. There are now some 65,000 live blogs written in Farsi, as well as several hundred written by Iranians in English.
Iran's rulers keep a firm grip on traditional media, monitoring the
content of newspapers, radio and television broadcasts. Monitoring the
blogs is harder, because there are so many sites and most bloggers write
anonymously. The regime has still managed to
filter and block provocative websites, and has arrested and imprisoned
identifiable bloggeis who have called too strongly for reform or stepped
out of line in othei ways. And web censorship looks likely to increase, following the election of conservative president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad m June.
One of the best known bloggers in Iran is Mohammad AIi Abtahi. Rut he is ,in unexpected star, a cleric in his late 40s, he is a foimer parliamentarian and vice-president, and a close advisor to former president Mohammad Khatami. Abtahi uses his blog to speak his mind about politics, make fun of his rivals, and discourse on anything else that interests him. He started it in December 2003 partly, he says, to get closer to the people. And if the popularity of Abtahfs blog is any guide, the people are relishing the opportunity to debate with a prominent official. Michael Bond talked to him in Tehran about how blogging is changing Iran, and how he gets away with criticising the regime.
Why did you start a blog?
I was looking tor a way to
express my points of view, disengaged from my official and governmental
responsibilities. Hlogs have no heritage ami thev are no! owned by
anyone's tatlu-r - anyone with any kind of thinking can write in them. I he public is interested.
What do your colleagues in politics think of it?
Most of them didn't know that I'd started it until theirchildren lotind out and told them. To begin with it was hard to communicate with other bloggers. because of my position as a religious scholar and because of my place in
government But fairly soon I caught the imagination of the younger
generation and my website has been the most popular personal blog in Iran for some time. And it can be controversial: I take pictures of officials and post them on the web. The blog has sparked many challenges from the regime, even though I make it clear it's personal and doesn't concern the actual politics of the government.
Has your blog ever got you into real trouble?
I pay a high price. Conservative elements in
the Iranian regime have made accusations and published many lies about
my personal life. For example, they published a rumour that I had
resigned my position as vice-president last year because I had swum in a mixed swimming pool - with men and women - at a party m Tehran. That may not sound very serious to you but it is serious in Iran.
Earlier this year, my blog
was hacked for M-ven days by security forces. This happened because I
had become a voice for some Iranian bloggers who had been jailed because
of what they were writing. I wrote about how they were tortured and interrogated in prison. After being hacked. I was forced to route my blog through a server based outside the country so they couldn't interfere with it again
Which authorities have been targeting your site?
All the pressure comes from the conservative regime. It has always been
that way. The public is supportive, but most bloggers are very young
and get scared easily. They became afraid after other young bloggers
were failed. I have been working against the censoring of wcbsites. They
still get filtered in Iran, net service providers have to obey the government or they get closed down.
Yet despite the surveillance, you seem to get off quite lightly with what you write on your blog?
I get away with it because of my background as a political activist and because I am well known. If the regime decides to censor my blog, it costs them in terms of public opposition. My background helps protect me.
What effect is blogging having on Iranian society and politics?
Reform will happen first in society, then in
government. Iran did undergo reform under President Khatami, though the
people were dissatisfied with the pace of change. The net is one of the
tools society has been using, and developing, to change things. The net is influential and will bring more pressure for change. It belongs to
the new generation, and now that young people consider themselves
members of a worldwide movement they have higher expectations. Getting
through the establishment's filters is not very hard as computer
knowledge is widespread in Iran.
When did you start using the net?
It came to Iran about nine years ago and I got involved immediately. Maybe it was because of my background as an activist and in the media: I had experience of trying new things. The net has been popular here for about four years.
Tell me about your background as an activist.
I am from a religious family. My father was a religious scholar. When I was a teenager, before the Iranian revolution in
1979,1 had a Super 8 camera and made short films everywhere I went.
With my help, my father used my movies and slides when presenting his
critical theological lectures at religious gatherings. At that time, in my religious culture, it was very unusual for someone to be doing that.
I was thoroughly active around the peak of the revolution movement. I
made speeches, shot films, distributed leaflets and so on. It was very
exciting to sacrifice something for my country, to be out on the streets campaigning for justice. I considered the shah's regime unjust. I was very idealistic, and wanted to bring freedom to the people.
But you got arrested.
Yes. I was arrested for publishing lectures of Ayatollah Khomenei, and for giving a public lecture in
the north of Iran. People came out onto the street, there was a riot. I
was 18 at the time - it was a young revolution. After our victory, we
had a lot of problems because the organisers of the revolution didn't
have any experience of managing things.
I
consider myself a child of the revolution. I believe the way the regime
is acting today is against the principles we stood for. Reform will
happen but, as in
1979, it will be led by the people. The people are ahead of the game,
and the net has become one of the most influential factors in the reform of society.
How do young people react to your blog?
I'm in
a difficult position. Because I am a media figure, some conservatives
consider me radical, while some members of the public see me as part of
the regime. It's exciting for people to be able to
interact with a public figure. I have a question-and-answer section,
which many people visit. They talk among themselves, about politics, the
regime, and about other subjects I bring up. They ask questions, they
insult me, and they insult the conservatives, but the majority
sympathise with me. I publish everything people contribute to my blog, as long as it's not immoral.
Sidebar
Sidebar
Sidebar
Copyright Reed Business Information UK Oct 15-Oct 21, 2005
ron Deficiency anemia
ranks 9th among 26 diseases with highest burden. Asia bears 71% of this
global burden. Adverse maternal and birth outcome associated with
hemoglobin status renders the issue worth attention. Indian scenario has
worsened over the period despite continuous international and national
efforts. This indicates some lacunae in
the approach and strategies applied. Various reports state that even
with maximum effort to increase outreach and monitoring for adherence to
Iron schedule, consumer's compliance remains abysmally low. Recent
studies has pointed out biological basis of side effects
(gastrointestinal complains and systemic events) as raised oxidative
stress for which iron is the key catalyst. Up till now the only target
of research has been to raise hemoglobin of pregnant women above
11gm/dl. With the reports of pregnancy
specific morbidities i.e. hemorrhage and septicemia with low
hemoglobin, eclampsia, small for gestation age, gestational diabetes
with higher ranges of hemoglobin, alarm is raised to define optimum
range. Use of oxidative stress as biochemical marker with different
doses and schedules has been defined because India lack information for
its own population upon oxidative stress status when iron is
supplemented as per current guidelines. Studies done in
India and abroad have defined that too much and too less, both may
raise oxidative stress and studies of this sort may provide biochemical
scale for optimization. This review therefore has evaluated currently
available Indian research and reports to understand the need of future
research area. Important findings from other countries have been
incorporated for comparison. (PUBLICATION ABSTRACT)
ron Deficiency anemia
ranks 9th among 26 diseases with highest burden. Asia bears 71% of this
global burden. Adverse maternal and birth outcome associated with
hemoglobin status renders the issue worth attention. Indian scenario has
worsened over the period despite continuous international and national
efforts. This indicates some lacunae in
the approach and strategies applied. Various reports state that even
with maximum effort to increase outreach and monitoring for adherence to
Iron schedule, consumer's compliance remains abysmally low. Recent
studies has pointed out biological basis of side effects
(gastrointestinal complains and systemic events) as raised oxidative
stress for which iron is the key catalyst. Up till now the only target
of research has been to raise hemoglobin of pregnant women above
11gm/dl. With the reports of pregnancy
specific morbidities i.e. hemorrhage and septicemia with low
hemoglobin, eclampsia, small for gestation age, gestational diabetes
with higher ranges of hemoglobin, alarm is raised to define optimum
range. Use of oxidative stress as biochemical marker with different
doses and schedules has been defined because India lack information for
its own population upon oxidative stress status when iron is
supplemented as per current guidelines. Studies done in
India and abroad have defined that too much and too less, both may
raise oxidative stress and studies of this sort may provide biochemical
scale for optimization. This review therefore has evaluated currently
available Indian research and reports to understand the need of future
research area. Important findings from other countries have been
incorporated for comparison. (PUBLICATION ABSTRACT)
Rabu, 17 Oktober 2012
anemia dalam kehamilan
Pengertian Anemia Pada Kehamilan
Anemia adalah kondisi dimana sel darah merah
menurun atau menurunnya hemoglobin, sehingga kapasitas daya angkut
oksigen untuk kebutuhan organ-organ vital pada ibu dan janin menjadi
berkurang. Selama kehamilan, indikasi anemia adalah jika konsentrasi
hemoglobin kurang dari 10,5 sampai dengan 11 g/dl. Rendahnya kapasitas
darah untuk membawa oksigen memicu kompensasi tubuh dengan memacu
jantung meningkatkan curah jantung (Tarwoto, 2007).
Frekuensi Anemia Dalam Kehamilan
Anemia
sering terjadi pada ibu hamil, angkanya kira-kira 60%, insiden ini
tergantung pada lokasi geografis dan keadaan sosial ekonomi (Tarwoto,
2007). Anemia kehamilan di Indonesia masih tinggi, dengan angka nasional
65% yang setiap daerah mempunyai variasi berbeda (Manuaba, 2001).Pada
ibu hamil, jenis anemia yang sering terjadi akibat defisiensi besi
(80%), defisiensi asam folat, dan anemia sel sabit (Tarwoto, 2007).
Anemia yang terkait dengan kehamilan hampir 95% adalah anemia defisiensi
besi (Varney, 2002).
Tanda dan Gejala Anemia
Menurut Varney (2007), anemia dapat menyebabkan tanda dan gejala :
a. Letih, sering mengantuk, malaise
b. Pusing, lemah
c. Nyeri kepala
d. Luka pada lidah
e. Kulit pucat
f. Membran mukosa pucat (misal, konjungtiva)
g. Bantalan kuku pucat
h. Tidak ada nafsu makan, mual, dan muntah
Pembagian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil
Pembagian anemia pada ibu hamil yaitu (Manuaba, 2001)
1. Ringan Hb 9-10 gr%
2. Sedang Hb 7-8 gr%
3. Berat Hb < 7 gr%
Pengaruh Anemia Terhadap Kehamilan, Persalinan, Nifas, dan Hasil konsepsi
Akibat anemia dalam kehamilan (Manuaba, 2001)
1. Trimester I
a. Abortus
b. Missed Abortion
c. Kelainan kongenital
2. Trimester II-III
a. Persalinan prematurus
b. Perdarahan antepartum
c. Gangguan pertumbuhan janin dalam rahim
d. Asfiksia intrauterin sampai kematian
e. Berat badan lahir rendah
f. Gestosis dan mudah terkena infeksi
g. IQ rendah
h. Dekompensasi kordis – kematian ibu
3. Saat inpartu
a. Gangguan his primer dan sekunder
b. Janin lahir dengan anemia
c. Persalinan dengan tindakan tinggi
4. Pascapartus
a. Atonia uteri menyebabkan perdarahan
b. Retensio plasenta
c. Perlukaan sukar sembuh
d. Mudah terjadi febris puerpuralis
e. Gangguan involusi uteri
f. Kematian ibu tinggi
Faktor Penyebab Anemia
a. Tingkat Pendidikan
Tingkat
pendidikan masyarakat yang rendah dapat menyebabkan kurangnya
pengetahuan yang didapat tentang gizi selama masa hamil dan bahaya
anemia pada kehamilan (Manuaba, 2001).
b. Pekerjaan
Anemia
defisiensi zat besi mencerminkan kemampuan sosial ekonomi masyarakat
untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya dalam jumlah dan kualitas gizi (Manuaba, 2001).
c. Umur
Kehamilan
diusia < 20 tahun dan diatas 35 tahun dapat menyebabkan anemia
karena pada kehamilan diusia < 20 tahun secara biologis belum
optimal, emosinya cenderung labil, mentalnya belum matang sehingga mudah
mengalami keguncangan yang mengakibatkan kurangnya perhatian terhadap
pemenuhan kebutuhan zat – zat gizi selama kehamilannya, sedangkan pada
usia > 35 tahun terkait dengan kemunduran dan penurunan daya tahan
tubuh serta berbagai penyakit yang sering menimpa di usia ini
(Amiruddin, 2007).
d. Status Gizi
Status gizi ibu sebelum dan selama hamil dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan janin yang sedang dikandung. Bila status gizi ibu normal pada masa sebelum dan selama hamil kemungkinan besar akan melahirkan bayi
yang sehat, cukup bulan dengan berat badan normal. Gizi kurang pada ibu
hamil dapat menyebabkan resiko dan komplikasi pada ibu antara lain:
anemia, perdarahan, berat badan ibu tidak bertambah secara normal
(Lubis, 2003).
e. Suku Bangsa
Salah satu jenis anemia spesifik adalah anemia sel sabit, yaitu anemia yang secara genetik diturunkan dan terutama mengenai warga kulit hitam. Orang kulit hitam memiliki hemoglobin 1 gr/dl lebih rendah dari orang kulit putih tanpa mempedulikan tingkat sosial ekonomi. Anemia spesifik lainnya adalah thalasemia, yang banyak ditemukan pada keturunan Mediterania (Curtis, 1999).
Tindakan Bidan Dalam Pengelolaan Anemia Pada Kehamilan
Menemukan
anemia pada kehamilan secara dini dan melakukan tindak lanjut yang
memadai untuk mengatasi anemia sebelum persalinan sangat penting
dilakukan. Untuk melakukan hal tersebut bidan harus (IBI, 2003) :
a. Memeriksa kadar Hb semua ibu hamil pada kunjungan pertama dan pada minggu ke 28.
b. Beri tablet besi pada semua ibu hamil sedikitnya 1 tablet selama 90 hari berturut-turut.
c. Beri
penyuluhan gizi pada setiap kunjungan antenatal, tentang perlunya minum
tablet zat besi, makanan yang mengandung zat besi serta kaya vitamin C,
serta menghindari minum kopi atau teh atau susu dalam 1 jam sebelum
atau sesudah makan.
d. Jika prevalensi malaria tinggi, selalu ingatkan ibu hamil untuk berhati-hati agar tidak tertular penyakit malaria.
e. Jika ditemukan atau diduga anemia, berikan 2-3 kali 1 tablet besi per hari.
f. Rujuk
ibu hamil degan anemia untuk pemeriksaan terhadap penyakit cacing atau
parasit atau penyakit lainnya, dan sekaligus untuk pengobatannya.
g. Jika diduga anemia berat, segera rujuk ibu hamil untuk pemeriksaan dan perawatan selanjutnya.
h. Rujuk ibu hamil dengan anemia berat dan rencanakan untuk bersalin di rumah sakit.
i. Sarankan ibu hamil dengan anemia untuk tetap minum tablet besi sampai 4-6 bulan setelah persalinan.
Penanganan Anemia Dalam Kehamilan Menurut Tingkat Pelayanan
a. Polindes
1) Membuat diagnosis: klinik dan rujukan pemeriksaan laboratorium
2) Memberikan terapi oral: besi 60 mg per hari
3) Penyuluhan gizi ibu hamil dan menyusui
b. Puskesmas
1) Membuat diagnosis dan terapi
2) Menentukan penyakit kronik (TBC, Malaria) dan penanganannya
c. Rumah sakit
1) Membuat diagnosis dan terapi
2) Diagnosis thalasemia dengan slektroforesis Hb, bila ternyata pembawa sifat, perlu tes pada suami untuk menentukan risiko pada bayi.
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